ΕΠΙΤΕΛΟΥΣ ΚΑΠΟΙΟΙ ΠΑΡΑΔΕΧΟΝΤΑΙ ΟΤΙ ΨΕΚΑΖΟΥΝ !!!!

ΕΠΙΤΕΛΟΥΣ ΚΑΠΟΙΟΙ ΠΑΡΑΔΕΧΟΝΤΑΙ ΟΤΙ ΨΕΚΑΖΟΥΝ !!!!

ΤΟ ΘΕΜΑ ΑΝΕΣΥΡΘΗ ΤΟ ΠΡΩΤΟΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ http://hellenicrevenge.blogspot.com/2011/06/blog-post_1667.html?spref=fb

Η ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ Η ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ "3D s.a. GENERAL AVIATION APPLICATIONS"  ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΕΙ ΟΤΙ ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΟΠΟΙΕΙ ΑΕΡΟΨΕΚΑΣΜΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΑ ΚΥΡΙΟΝ ΛΟΓΟΝ ΜΕ ΙΩΔΙΟΥΧΟ ΑΡΓΥΡΟ ΠΡΟΣ ΑΛΛΑΓΗΝ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΙΡΟΥ.

ΕΔΩ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΤΑ ΚΕΙΜΕΝΑ ΤΩΝ ΙΔΙΩΝ (ΟΜΩΣ ΔΙΑΒΑΣΤΕ ΠΡΩΤΑ ΔΥΟ ΣΧΟΛΙΑ ΠΟΥ ΕΠΟΝΤΑΙ --ΚΑΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΣΤΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ)

http://www.3dsa.gr/applications.html

Welcome, you are visiting the website of 3D s.a., a Greek company well integrated in the aviation field, providing services and applications which cover all the contemporary aviation activities in Greece and all over the world. Today we are proud to say that we are the largest company in Europe in the field of Weather Modification Flights. 

ΤΑ ΕΝ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗι ΓΡΑΦΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑΣ "3D s.a. GENERAL AVIATION APPLICATIONS" ΩΣ ΑΠΕΙΚΟΝΙΖΟΝΤΑΙ ΣΤΟΝ ΙΣΤΟΤΟΠΟΝ ΤΗΣ

Weather Modification [by seeding of Silver Iodide (AgI)]

3D s.a. is one of the most innovative companies in the world in weather management, as well as in everything that has to do with preventing-facing extreme weather phenomena. It is a member of the Weather Modification Association and undertakes such programs since 1981.

The management of weather conditions is performed by using specially modified aircrafts, weather radars and qualified staff. The company’s goals are to increase rain and snowfalls (in order to face the drought and to store up water), to protect from hail (so that the damage caused both to crops and to people’s fortunes are restrained), to displace the cloud’s water mass (to avoid floods).

Such programs for weather management and protection from extreme weather phenomena can be performed during the whole year. Hail protection is usually performed during the warm months because this is when the stormy clouds most develop, but on the other hand, projects for the increase of rain have better results during the cold months.

The method used for the performance of such programs is based on the penetration of condensation cells in the atmosphere, wherever there is enough humidity. However, because of their absence, either it’s impossible that water drops or ice cells are formed or due to the small number of cells, big embryos are created which fall to the ground as hail.

When 3D s.a. carries out such programs, it uses the direct penetration method, which means the seeding of Silver Iodide (AgI) or dry ice from aircrafts to the target area at the right moment, in order to have the best results possible. This is how the available humidity of the atmosphere is divided into more cells – ice crystals, which finally fall on the ground as rain or snow.

Various researches in the past have shown that the environment is not affected by the clouds seeding. As for the animals, plants or the ground, in areas where the projects of weather modification were carried out, the quantities of AgI have not exceeded those already existing in the environment.

Weather management programs cannot reduce the drought expected for summer nor create clouds if there is no humidity in the atmosphere. It is possible, though, when the conditions are favorable to seed, to increase the water stored from rain or snow during winter, so that it is properly managed during the dry months.

Similar projects are carried out all over the world. The digital weather radars’ capacities help to observe clouds better and give quantitative and qualitative weather data in real time.

Due to the fact that we must:
• Foresee in time and precisely the importance of the weather problem and take the proper measures to face it.
• Protect some specific predetermined rural or urban areas from hail.
• Increase the available quantities of water to develop some basic fields of the economy, such as energy, tourism,   agriculture, which wane constantly.
• Have sufficient quantities of water for the present, but even more for the future for urban use.

As a result, we have to manage in a better way the atmospheric water in order to:
• Cause rain or snow in areas that we have already chosen (catchment basin, lake, forest, mountain, specific areas of   storage etc) so that problems of scarcity and desertification
• Cause rain in some areas, reduce or increase its volume and avoid any problems of precipitation in other more   crucial ones (as to avoid an inundation or an overflow
• Protect crops from hail by transforming it into rain
• Create and store water when possible and consume manage it later (for example in periods of drought)
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Hail Supression

General information

Hail suppression is a field in which scientists have been interested since 1896. Many methods and application modes have been developed at international level, but they all conclude to the same point. They are all based on the way that the hailstone is formed and where the mechanism of its suppression is based. The most expanded method nowadays is the beneficial competition between hailstones while they are embryos.

In the atmosphere, hail presupposes always the existence of developed or stormy clouds. In order that a stormy cloud is formed in the atmosphere, the following must occur:
a. Enough humidity
b. Turbulence (updrafts-downdrafts) and
c. Condensation cells

The steam of the atmosphere adhere to the condensation cells, which are small particles of dust, smoke and salt crystals being in constant movement due to the turbulence. As a result, small water drops or ice crystals are formed and keep moving and growing because steam keeps adhering to them creating the cloud. When this process takes place at parts of the cloud where there is super cooled water, then hailstones are created that grow constantly due to the turbulence and finally start falling on the ground because of their weight. The mechanism of the creation of hail, meaning its permanent motion up and down in the atmosphere, can be confirmed if we examine a hail stone, where we can see the different layers of ice which surround it.

According to the theory of hailstones’ beneficial competition, when there are few cells, the size of the hailstones created is big and they manage to fall on the ground causing damages. By adding more cells to a cloud, more hailstones of smaller size are formed and they have already melt before touching the ground. The material used for the increase of the embryos is Silver Iodide, which is first being evaporated and then quenched, forcing its molecules to form big quantities of microscopic particles (1019 particles/kg of AgI). These particles are in some way seeded in the cloud at the right moment and acting as condensation cells they steal the available water.

According to the existing weather conditions, the crucial indicators beyond which the hail clouds are going to be seeded are determined. Then a detailed control by digital weather radars id performed revealing the crucial areas that need seeding. As soon as such cloud is shown, they give the order to an aircraft which flies to the area of the hail cloud and injects flares of Silver Iodide, which are attached either to the aircraft’s fuselage or to its wings.

The way of seeding is decided depending on the cloud’s development rhythm, its movement, the icing levels, the isothermal of 0°C, and the way of the cloud’s creation. The direct targeting technique that 3D SA applies focuses to the updrafts’ areas of the common (isolated) cells and to the updrafts of the developing clouds’ feeder cells, situated at the sides of the mature multicellular storms. In other words, this technique restrains the available super cooled water in liquid form within the cloud’s area, where the hail stones are created and increase. Several methods of seeding are used, depending on factors such as the kind of development, the visibility, the closeness from the ground and the time of the day. The reason why there are several methods is that the injection of seeding material to the clouds’ developing areas is possible in order to cover as many conditions as possible.

3D s.a. Hail Suppression Projects

• 1981-82: Hail protection project for OGA (Agricultural Insurance Organisation), as technical adviser of the french company RUGGERI

• 1986-88: Hail protection project for ELGA (Greek Agricultural Insurance Organisation), as representative and technical adviser for the company INTERA

Spring-Summer 1992-93: Hail protection project for ELGA (Greek Agricultural Insurance Organisation), an association of 3D- C.I.C.-Avionic
• NUMBER OF PROTECTED AREAS: 3
• 5.000.000 m2 /year
• 5 Aircrafts: 3 CESSNA 340 & 2 PIPER CHEYENNE II (PA-31T)
• TOTAL FLIGHT TIME: 725 HOURS

Spring-Summer 1997-98: Hail protection project for ELGA (Greek Agricultural Insurance Organisation) • NUMBER OF PROTECTED AREAS: 1
• 2.350.000 m2 /year
• 2 Arcrafts PIPER CHEYENNE II (PA-31T)
• TOTAL FLIGHT TIME: 260 HOURS

Spring-Summer 1999-2000: Hail protection project for ELGA (Greek Agricultural Insurance Organisation)
• NUMBER OF PROTECTED AREAS: 1
• 2.350.000 m2 /year
• 2 Arcrafts PIPER CHEYENNE II (PA-31T)
• TOTAL FLIGHT TIME: 3000 HOURS

Spring-Summer 2001-2002: Hail protection project for ELGA (Greek Agricultural Insurance Organisation)
• NUMBER OF PROTECTED AREAS: 1
• 2.350.000 m2 /year
• 2 Arcrafts PIPER CHEYENNE II (PA-31T)
• TOTAL FLIGHT TIME: 387 HOURS

Spring-Summer 2004-2008: Hail protection project for ELGA (Greek Agricultural Insurance Organisation)
Four seasons five year contract with ELGA (2004-2008)
• 5.179.000 m2 /year
• 3 Arcrafts PIPER CHEYENNE II (PA-31T)
• TOTAL FLIGHT TIME IN
•2004: 387 HOURS
• 2005: 501 HOURS
• 2006: 438 HOURS
• 2007: 392 HOURS
• 2008: 307 HOURS

Spring-Summer 2009-2013: Hail protection project for ELGA (Greek Agricultural Insurance Organisation)
Four seasons five year contract with ELGA (2009-2013)
• 5.179.000 m2 /year

EQUIPMENT FOR THE MODIFICATION OF WEATHER EVENTS

AIRCRAFTS: 4 PIPERs
Types:
• Cheyenne II, PA-31T
• Six or eight seat aircrafts for luxury transport (executive)
• Specially modified aircrafts for cloud seeding with capacity of transport of 306 ejectable flares of AgI and 24 end-burning flares of AgI (Cloud seeding equipment)

ENGINES:
• Two turboprop engines 620 hp (462 ekW) from Pratt & Whitney Aircrfat of Canada
Performance:
• Cruising speed of 325 mph (53km/h) at 11.000 ft (3355 m)
• Cruising speed of 287 mph (462km/h) at 29.00ft (8840 m)
• Maximum service ceiling 31.600 ft (9630 m)
• Range, within a wide power range, carrying the maximum fuel quantity possible, fuel and reserve for 45 minutes: 1.737 miles (2795 km) at 29.000 ft (8840 m)

WEATHER RADAR
3D s.a. owns two (2) operational radars of C band (EEC WR-100/2-77 & EEC 100-2 C-BAND), which carry a Sigmet RVP8 processor IRIS and TITAN software (Identification, Course observation, Analysis and Instantaneous forecast of the storm).

TELEMETRY SYSTEM
Telemetry system which records and sends data in real time to the observation radar: GPS position, flare ejection position, external temperature, liquid water content, duepoint temperature.
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Increase of Rainfalls

Precipitaion Increase (Rainfall - Snowfall)

It is well known that, usually, the natural procedure of rain is not effective because of the lack of sufficient quantities of natural icing cells. As a result, the injection of artificial icing cells in the cloud’s parts where there is water in super cooling condition (-5 to -25°C) leads to the creation of more ice crystals.
These cause additional quantities of frost, due to the fact that they keep growing.
This intervention has a result the transformation of a quantity of water in super cooling condition into rain or snow, which falls on the ground.

This principal is the theoretical base of the rain increase projects, especially during the cold period. The increase of the precipitation is achieved by seeding adequate quantities of Silver Iodide or particles of dry ice to the areas of super cooling of a cloud, letting the atmosphere do all the rest.

The effectiveness of such programs has been determined as a percentage of the liquid water existing in a cloud and that falls on the ground in some form of precipitation. This effectiveness is reinforced by seeding clouds, using the technique of the direct targeting by aircrafts. In the beginning, a very good weather forecast is performed. Inspection of the area using special weather radars, localization of the crucial areas, flight with research aircrafts in order to collect the final weather data of the seeding area, cloud seeding at a specific area.

The choice of the right position of intervention (seeding) is very important in programs for the increase of precipitation, so that the courses of the atmospheric deposits (water drops, ice crystals) end to the expected target area (catchment basin). Given that the ice crystals grow in different rhythms, which depend on the temperature and the available quantities of water in liquid condition (cloud droplets), it’s obvious that the limit speed of their course towards the ground will vary (as well as the time of fusion). It is of major importance to determine the courses, so that the injection of the seeding material takes place to the right position at the right time, in order to have the best results possible, using specific mathematic types.
The methods and cloud seeding procedures for the increase of precipitation are sufficiently documented and are used in many programs weather management all over the world. It is not possible though to increase the precipitation in an area, if there is not some kind of cloud in the atmosphere, if there is not any available quantity of humidity which can be liquefied.
By managing the atmosphere’s available humidity properly, we assure that its available water falls where we have already decided (increase of catchment in ground deposit tanks), in order to manage it properly later.

3D s.a. RAIN INCREASE PROJECTS

Winter 1994: Project of rain increase of EYDAP
(Water Supply Company of Athens)
Mornos lake and catchment basin of Kifissos, as well as areas of cloud seeding against wind.

14/06 – 23/07/2001: Application of a pilot project of ELGA
in order to increase rain in Central Greece In summer 2001,
3D s.a. lead, under ELGA’s supervision,
a pilot project to increase rain in North and South region of Thessalia.

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Agricultural Applications

3D s.a. took part in agricultural applications as crops spraying, fertilizing and seeding until June 2007 via a subsidiary in USA, founded in 2000.

3D s.a. has sprayed over 20.000.000 km2 of olive trees, cotton, corn, chestnuts, almond trees etc since 1976 and it has participated in many projects for fertilization of areas with graminaceous plants at the interval 1989-1992.

These projects covered areas more than 500.000 km2 in Greece only.

Air Spraying

OLIVE GROVES:
• 20.000.000 hectares since 1976
• 11 aircrafts: 9 Cessnas & 2 Rotorcrafts with front propeller
• 1 Helicopter
• AREAS: Corfu-Lefkada-Lesvos-Kefalonia-Preveza-Thesprotia-Kavala-Lakonia-Viotia-Fokida-Korinthia-Etolokarnania-Arkadia

COTTON CROPS:
• 9 aircrafts: 7 Cessnas & 2 Air Tractors
• AREAS: USA, State of Arkansas
• INTERVAL: 1999-2000

MOSQUITOES:
• Rice fields in southern Thessaloniki
• INTERVAL: Summer 1997 (May-July)
• 330.171.000 hectares

PINE FORESTS:
• Experimental Spraying
• 23/12/1993
• 7 Flights


Fertilization

• 1989-1992: fertilization program for pasturelands
• 500.000 hectares
• AREAS: Kilkis-Arta-Xanthi-Drama-Kavala-Serres
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Weather Data

3D s.a.owns two weather radars, one in Filyro (Thessaloniki) and the other in Liopraso (Trikala).

3D s.a. has a contract with ELGA in order to supply weather data in real time for the needs of the hail suppression project.

The company, collaborating with the Physics Department of the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, develops software in order to supply weather data in real time to people and to several institutions and companies.
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ΣΧΟΛΙΟΝ ΕΙΣ: http://hellenicrevenge.blogspot.com/2011/06/blog-post_1667.html?spref=fb

Ανώνυμος είπε...

    Πάμε στο
    http://www.3dsa.gr/applications.html

    Τίτλος "Weather Modification"(Μετατροπή Καιρού)

    Πέμπτη παράγραφος

    "When 3D s.a. carries out such programs, it uses the direct penetration method, which means the seeding of Silver Iodide (AgI) or dry ice from aircrafts to the target area at the right moment, in order to have the best results possible. This is how the available humidity of the atmosphere is divided into more cells – ice crystals, which finally fall on the ground as rain or snow."

    Μετάφρασις

    "Όταν η 3DSA εκπονεί τέτοια προγράμματα(μετατροπής καιρού) χρησιμοποιεί την μέθοδο άμεσης διεισύσεως το οποίο σημαίνει τροφοδοσία με ΙΩΔΙΟΥΧΟ ΑΡΓΥΡΟ(AgI) ή ξηρό πάγο από αεροσκάφη στην στοχευμένη περιοχή τον σωστό χρόνο ώστε να έχουμε τα καλλίτερα δυνατά αποτελέσματα. Αυτός είναι ο τρόπος που η διαθέσιμη υγρασία διαιρείται σε περισσότερα κύτταρα-παγοκρυστάλλους που τελικά πέφτουν στο έδαφος ως βροχή ή χιόνι"

    Δική μου ανάλυσις

    Πρόκειται για την μέθοδο τής ετερογενούς πυρήνωσης. Χρειάζεσαι ένα σωματίδιο ξένο γύρω από το οποίο δημιουργείται το σταγονίδιο.

    Το σωματίδιο είναι ιωδιούχος άργυρος. Τις συνέπειες στον οργανισμό αυτής τής ανοργάνου ενώσεως δεν τις ξέρω αλλά το ιώδιο είναι κάτι ύποπτο που θέλει πολύ προσοχη και ειδικά για το ιώδιο πρέπει να ξέρουμε τί ισοτοπο είναι και αν είναι ραδιενεργό.

    Φυσικά δεν είμαστε υποχρεωμένοι να πιστέψουμε ότι ψεκάζουν μόνο αυτά γιατί αν ήταν έτσι δεν θα κάνανε τους κινέζους όποτε τους ρωτάνε.

    Πρέπει να το κυνηγήσουμε και να γίνουν εξώδικα και μηνύσεις.

    Σε άλλο σημείο λέει ότι οι ψεκασμοι γίνονται τούς ζεστούς μήνες.

    Αν παρατηρήσετε στην Αθήνα έχουμε να δούμε γαλάζιο ουρανό εβδομάδες ολόκληρες. Το χρώμα τού ουρανό είναι αρρωστημένο και δεν μπορεις να αναπνέυσεις.
    5 Ιουνίου 2011

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Ανώνυμος είπε...

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_iodide

    Safety
    Under the guidelines of the United States Environmental Protection Agency Clean Water Act, silver iodide is considered a hazardous substance, a priority pollutant, and a toxic pollutant.
    Chronic ingestion of iodides may produce “iodism”, which may be manifested by skin rash, running nose, headache, irritation of the mucous membranes, weakness, anemia, loss of weight and general depression. Chronic inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with silver compounds may cause argyria characterized by blue-gray discoloration of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes.

ΤΟΥΤΕΣΤΙΝ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΩΣ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΝΟΜΟΝ ΤΩΝ ΗΠΑ ΠΕΡΙ ΚΑΘΑΡΟΥ ΥΔΑΤΟΣ, Ο ΙΩΔΙΟΥΧΟΣ ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ ΘΕΩΡΕΙΤΑΙ, ΕΠΙΒΛΑΒΗΣ ΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΑΙ ΤΟΞΙΚΟΣ ΡΥΠΑΝΤΗΣ ΠΡΩΤΗΣ ΤΑΞΕΩΣ.
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